Response of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling Growth on Various Growing Media and Organic Plant Supplements
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Apr 30, 2023
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Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) as a plantation crop which success is determined by healthy and quality seedlings. The use of planting media with a mixture of manure and plant organic supplements may result in healthy soil because it contains soil microorganisms that are beneficial and may support the growth of cocoa seedlings. Purpose of this study was to determine the initial growth response of cocoa seedlings on various growing media and dosages of an organic plant supplement as liquid organic fertilizer. The research was conducted in February–September 2022 in a nursery located in Kradenan, Purwoharjo, Banyuwangi Regency and in Agricultural Laboratory of University of Jember, Bondowoso Campus, Bondowoso Regency. Study was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial using a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was planting media which consisted of four levels of treatment, namely soil + chicken manure, soil + goat manure, soil + cow manure, and soil + rabbit manure. The second factor was dose of organic plant supplement which consisted of 4 levels, namely the control treatment of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mL polybag-1. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and follow-up tests using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level. Variables observed included seedling height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedlings. The results showed that there was an interaction effect on all parameters except seedling height, number of leaves, and number of roots. The conclusion of the study showed that there was an effect of interaction treatment with the best treatment combination planting media using cow manure and organic plant supplement dose of 50 mL polybag-1.
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Arum, A., Innaya, L., Setiyono, S., & Rosyady, M. (2023). Response of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling Growth on Various Growing Media and Organic Plant Supplements. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 39(1). https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i1.538
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References
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Elkas, B. D., Nurhidayah, T., & Nurbaiti. (2017). The Effect of Rice Straw Compost on The Growth of Cocoa Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 4(1), 1–14.
Fadillah, D., Kurniawan, T., & Nurahmi, E. (2019). The Effect of Plant Medium and Local Microorganism Banana Tuber on the Growth of Cocoa Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 4(1), 149–159.
Hasiholan, A., Armaini, & Yoseva, S. (2017). The Effect of Different Doses of Fermented Bioethanol Liquid Waste (vinasse) on The Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 4(2), 1–15.
Hutabarat, J. B. A., Idwar, & Yoseva, S. (2016). The Effect of Giving Cocoa’s Exocarpium Waste and NPK Fertilizer for the Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling’s Growth. Jom Faperta, 3(1), 1–14.
Iskandar, E. P., Sampoerno, & Saputra, S. I. (2015). Growth of Some Clone of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds in Peat Soils and Red-Yellow Podzolic. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian, 2(1), 1–10.
Karmawati, E., Mahmud, Z., Syakir, M., Munarso, S. J., Ardana, I. K., & Rubiyo. (2010). Budidaya & Pascapanen Kakao. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan.
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Loss, A., Couto, R. da R., Brunetto, G., Veiga, M. da, Toselli, M., & Baldi, E. (2019). Animal manure as fertilizer: changes in soil attributes, productivity and food composition. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 7(9), 307–331.
Lubis, M. Y., Sipayung, R., & Irsal. (2019). Growth Response of Cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L.) on various Growth Media Composition and Watering Frequency. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6(1), 1–10.
Marpaung, R. (2013). Pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao.L) dengan pemberian beberapa dosis pupuk NPK (16:16:16) pada tanah ultisol di polybag. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 13(4), 95–98.
Melsasail, L., Warouw, V. R. C., & Kamagi, Y. E. B. (2019). Analysis of the Nutrient Content of Cow Dung in the Highlands and Lowlands. Diakses pada 31 Januari 2022 dari: (https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/cocos/article/download/26095/25731)
Muhammad, T. A., Zaman, B., & Purwono. (2017). Pengaruh penambahan pupuk kotoran kambing terhadap hasil pengomposan daun kering di TPST UNDIP. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(3), 1–12.
Mulyani, C., Saputra, I., & Kurniawan, R. (2018). Pengaruh media tanam dan limbah organik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao, L). AGROSAMUDRA, 5(2), 1–14.
Mulyo, P. R., & Hariyati, Y. (2020). Dinamika perkembangan perkebunan kakao rakyat di Indonesia. AGRIEKONOMIKA, 9(1), 48–60.
Nora, M., Amir, N., & Aminah, R. I. S. (2015). Pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pembibitan tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di polybag. KLOROFIL, X(2), 90–92.
Nugroho, H. C., Moeljanto, B. D., Supandji, & Probojati, R. T. (2021). Optimasi komposisi media tanam dan dosis Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan awal bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional (JINTAN), 1(2), 180–187.
Purba, J. H., Wahyuni, P. S., & Febryan, I. (2019). Kajian pemberian pupuk kandang ayam pedaging dan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil petsai ( Brassica chinensis L .). Agro Bali (Agricultural Journal), 2(2), 77–88.
Rachman, H. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang kelinci dan POC batang pisang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L. ). SKRIPSI, Medan (Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Rahardjo. (2011). Menghasilkan benih dan bibit kakao unggul. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Rangkuti, A. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dengan pemberian kotoran sapi dan pupuk cair mol bonggol pisang. SKRIPSI, Medan (Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi), Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi.
Rosniawaty, S., Sudirja, R., & Afrianto, H. (2015). Utilizing of rabbit and cow urine as organic fertilizer liqiud alternative on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling. Kultivasi, 14(1), 32–36.
Sari, K. M., Pasigai, A., & Wahyudi, I. (2016). Poultry Manure Effect on Plant Growth and Yield of Cabbage Flowers (Brassica Oleracea Var. Bathytis L.) on Oxic Dystrudepts Lembantongoa. Agrotekbis, 4(2), 151–159.
Siregar, A. F. (2021). Pengaruh pemanfaatan kompos solid dan pemberian POC terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Skripsi, Medan (Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara.
Sitompul, H. F., Simanungkalit, T., & Mawarni, L. (2014). Respons pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap pemberian pupuk kandang kelinci dan pupuk NPK (16:16:16). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2(3), 1064–1071.
Tarigan, L., Sitepu, F. E., & Lahay, R. R. (2014). Response in Growth Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings by Giving Chicken Manure and Liquid Organic Fertilizer. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2(4), 1614–1626.
Tjitrosoepomo, G. (2013). Taksonomi tumbuhan (Spermatophyta). (Cetakan Kesebelas). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Triastuti, F., Wardati, & Yulia, A. E. (2016). Effect of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Cocoa Plant Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 3(1), 1–13.
Wahyudi, Ezward, C., & Haitami, A. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobrama cacao L) pada ukuran wadah tanam polybag yang berbeda. Jurnal Agro Indragri, 9(1), 1–7.
Wicaksono, T., Sagaman, S., & Umran, I. (2015). Kajian aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah padabeberapa cara penggunaan lahan di desa PAL IX kecamatan sungai kakap kabupaten kubu raya. Artikel, Pontianak(Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Tanjungpura.
Widyastuti, L. S., Parapasan, Y., & Same, M. (2021). Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) on Various Types of Clones and Types of Manure. Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, 9(2), 109–118.
Yusuf, H., Sahputra, R., & Sah, R. I. (2018). Pengaruh media tanam dan pemberian pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L .). BIOnatural, 5(1), 1–11.
Aji, H. B. (2016). Petunjuk teknis pembibitan kakao. Maluku Utara: BPTP Maluku Utara.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Luas tanaman perkebunan menurut provinsi (ribu hektar), 2018-2020. diakses pada tanggal 18 Januari 2022 dari https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/54/131/1/luas-tanaman-perkebunan-menurut-provinsi.html
BPS. (2020). Statistik kakao Indonesia (Indonesian Cocoa Statistics) 2020. Jakarta: BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Dirjen, P. (2020). Statistik perkebunan unggulan nasional 2019-2021. Jakarta: Sekretariat Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan.
Elkas, B. D., Nurhidayah, T., & Nurbaiti. (2017). The Effect of Rice Straw Compost on The Growth of Cocoa Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 4(1), 1–14.
Fadillah, D., Kurniawan, T., & Nurahmi, E. (2019). The Effect of Plant Medium and Local Microorganism Banana Tuber on the Growth of Cocoa Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 4(1), 149–159.
Hasiholan, A., Armaini, & Yoseva, S. (2017). The Effect of Different Doses of Fermented Bioethanol Liquid Waste (vinasse) on The Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 4(2), 1–15.
Hutabarat, J. B. A., Idwar, & Yoseva, S. (2016). The Effect of Giving Cocoa’s Exocarpium Waste and NPK Fertilizer for the Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling’s Growth. Jom Faperta, 3(1), 1–14.
Iskandar, E. P., Sampoerno, & Saputra, S. I. (2015). Growth of Some Clone of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds in Peat Soils and Red-Yellow Podzolic. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian, 2(1), 1–10.
Karmawati, E., Mahmud, Z., Syakir, M., Munarso, S. J., Ardana, I. K., & Rubiyo. (2010). Budidaya & Pascapanen Kakao. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan.
Lismawati, Nurhayati, & Hasanuddin. (2021). Effect of Growing Media and Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Cocoa Seeds (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 6(4), 801–808.
Loss, A., Couto, R. da R., Brunetto, G., Veiga, M. da, Toselli, M., & Baldi, E. (2019). Animal manure as fertilizer: changes in soil attributes, productivity and food composition. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 7(9), 307–331.
Lubis, M. Y., Sipayung, R., & Irsal. (2019). Growth Response of Cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L.) on various Growth Media Composition and Watering Frequency. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6(1), 1–10.
Marpaung, R. (2013). Pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao.L) dengan pemberian beberapa dosis pupuk NPK (16:16:16) pada tanah ultisol di polybag. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 13(4), 95–98.
Melsasail, L., Warouw, V. R. C., & Kamagi, Y. E. B. (2019). Analysis of the Nutrient Content of Cow Dung in the Highlands and Lowlands. Diakses pada 31 Januari 2022 dari: (https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/cocos/article/download/26095/25731)
Muhammad, T. A., Zaman, B., & Purwono. (2017). Pengaruh penambahan pupuk kotoran kambing terhadap hasil pengomposan daun kering di TPST UNDIP. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(3), 1–12.
Mulyani, C., Saputra, I., & Kurniawan, R. (2018). Pengaruh media tanam dan limbah organik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao, L). AGROSAMUDRA, 5(2), 1–14.
Mulyo, P. R., & Hariyati, Y. (2020). Dinamika perkembangan perkebunan kakao rakyat di Indonesia. AGRIEKONOMIKA, 9(1), 48–60.
Nora, M., Amir, N., & Aminah, R. I. S. (2015). Pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pembibitan tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di polybag. KLOROFIL, X(2), 90–92.
Nugroho, H. C., Moeljanto, B. D., Supandji, & Probojati, R. T. (2021). Optimasi komposisi media tanam dan dosis Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan awal bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional (JINTAN), 1(2), 180–187.
Purba, J. H., Wahyuni, P. S., & Febryan, I. (2019). Kajian pemberian pupuk kandang ayam pedaging dan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil petsai ( Brassica chinensis L .). Agro Bali (Agricultural Journal), 2(2), 77–88.
Rachman, H. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang kelinci dan POC batang pisang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L. ). SKRIPSI, Medan (Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Rahardjo. (2011). Menghasilkan benih dan bibit kakao unggul. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Rangkuti, A. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dengan pemberian kotoran sapi dan pupuk cair mol bonggol pisang. SKRIPSI, Medan (Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi), Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi.
Rosniawaty, S., Sudirja, R., & Afrianto, H. (2015). Utilizing of rabbit and cow urine as organic fertilizer liqiud alternative on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling. Kultivasi, 14(1), 32–36.
Sari, K. M., Pasigai, A., & Wahyudi, I. (2016). Poultry Manure Effect on Plant Growth and Yield of Cabbage Flowers (Brassica Oleracea Var. Bathytis L.) on Oxic Dystrudepts Lembantongoa. Agrotekbis, 4(2), 151–159.
Siregar, A. F. (2021). Pengaruh pemanfaatan kompos solid dan pemberian POC terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Skripsi, Medan (Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara.
Sitompul, H. F., Simanungkalit, T., & Mawarni, L. (2014). Respons pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap pemberian pupuk kandang kelinci dan pupuk NPK (16:16:16). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2(3), 1064–1071.
Tarigan, L., Sitepu, F. E., & Lahay, R. R. (2014). Response in Growth Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings by Giving Chicken Manure and Liquid Organic Fertilizer. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2(4), 1614–1626.
Tjitrosoepomo, G. (2013). Taksonomi tumbuhan (Spermatophyta). (Cetakan Kesebelas). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Triastuti, F., Wardati, & Yulia, A. E. (2016). Effect of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Cocoa Plant Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). Jom Faperta, 3(1), 1–13.
Wahyudi, Ezward, C., & Haitami, A. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobrama cacao L) pada ukuran wadah tanam polybag yang berbeda. Jurnal Agro Indragri, 9(1), 1–7.
Wicaksono, T., Sagaman, S., & Umran, I. (2015). Kajian aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah padabeberapa cara penggunaan lahan di desa PAL IX kecamatan sungai kakap kabupaten kubu raya. Artikel, Pontianak(Fakultas Pertanian), Universitas Tanjungpura.
Widyastuti, L. S., Parapasan, Y., & Same, M. (2021). Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) on Various Types of Clones and Types of Manure. Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, 9(2), 109–118.
Yusuf, H., Sahputra, R., & Sah, R. I. (2018). Pengaruh media tanam dan pemberian pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L .). BIOnatural, 5(1), 1–11.
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