The Role of Cocoa Commodity as a Base Sector in Indonesia’s Regional Development
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Abstract
Indonesia’s cocoa commodity as one of the leading commodities, has the potential to improve the country’s economy. However, the increasing export volume is not matched by the decreasing production due to the decreasing land area. This study aims to identify the mapping of cocoa regions, identify the structure and growth rate of cocoa, and examine the role of cocoa in supporting Indonesia’s plantation activities. The research was conducted in 33 provinces of Indonesia using secondary data. The variables used are production and revenue of cocoa and plantation commodities in 2017-2023. The analytical tools used are Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Localisation and Specialisation analysis, Shift Share analysis (SSA), BSR analysis, RM, and Multiplier Effect. The results obtained from as many as 19 provinces are included in the base area with an LQ>1 value. The cocoa growth rate structure obtained that the value of National growth (PNij) is positive, Proportional growth (PPij) is negative, and Regional share growth (PPWij) is negative, so the average shift share value is positive and it is said that Indonesian cocoa is growing. The results of the analysis of the value of BSR, RM, and Multiplier Effect are positive so that Indonesian cocoa plays a role in supporting Indonesian plantations.
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How to Cite
Adyanti, A. S., Aji, J. M. M., & Hani, E. S. (2025). The Role of Cocoa Commodity as a Base Sector in Indonesia’s Regional Development. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 41(2), 138-154. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v41i2.651
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References
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Rifani, M. R., & Sa'roni, C. (2020). Determination of the Base Sector and Non-Base Sector Development Strategy in Banjar Regency in 2010-2018. Journal of Economics and Development,3(2), 307–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v3i2
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Soepono, P. (1993). Shift-Share Analysis: Development and Application. Indonesian Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 1–18.
Suparmono. (2018). Introduction to Macroeconomics. In UPP STIM YKPN.
Suryani, N. (2024). Analysis of Leading Commodities of Plantation Crops Subsector in Mentawai Islands Regency. Journal of Academic Media (JMA),2 (2), 1963-1980. https://doi.org/10.62281/v2i2.144
Tunggul, M., Sumarji, & Daroini, A. (2021). Economic Analysis of the Application of Fermentation Technology in Post-Harvest Ka kao in Ponorogo Regency. Master of Agribusiness, 21(1), 26–32.
Zaini, A. (2019). Leading Sector Development in East Kalimantan. Deepublish.
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Ariyanto, A., Harmaidi, D., Khairunnas, & Yasid, H. (2024). Analysis of Location Quotient and Shift Share in Riau Province. Agrisocionomics,8 (1), 71-81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v8i1.17136
Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sulawesi Province. (2024). Export Import Statistics of South Sulawesi Province. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sulawesi Province.
Bangun, R. H. B. (2020). Commodity Regional Analysis and Contribution of Arabica Coffee to Regional Development of North Tapanuli Regency. Agriuma Journal,2 (April), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.31289/agr.v2i1.3552
Plantation and Animal Husbandry Service of Central Sulawesi Province. (2022). Performance Report. Plantation and Animal Husbandry Service Office of Central Sulawesi Province.
Directorate General of Plantations. (2023). National Superior Plantation Statistics 2021-2023. Directorate General of Plantations.
Directorate General of Plantations. (2024). Plantation Statistics 2023-2025. In Ministry of Agriculture.
Faqih, A. (2021). Analysis of Leading Commodities in the Agricultural Sector. JPPI (Journal of Indonesian Education Research),7 (4), 550-559. https://doi.org/10.29210/020211242
Fithriyyah, D., Wulandari, E., & Sendjaja, T. P. (2020). Potential of Coffee Commodity in Regional Economy in Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency. Mimbar Agribusiness, 6(2), 700–714.
Goschin, Z. (2014). Regional Growth in Romania after its Accession to EU: A Shift-share Analysis Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance,15 , 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00471-7
International Cocoa Organisation. (2024). Statistics. https://www.icco.org/statistics/
Jaweng, R. E., Agustine, T. E., Prawira, M. Y., & Jannah, A. N. (2016). Efforts to Increase Cocoa Bag Productivity in Donggala Regency-Central Sulawesi. Regional Autonomy Implementation Monitoring Committee.
Ministry of Agriculture. (2022). Cocoa Plantation Commodity Outlook. Centre for Agricultural Data and Information Systems, Ministry of Agriculture.
Ministry of Agriculture. (2022). Analysis of Coffee Trade Performance. Centre for Agricultural Data and Information Systems, Ministry of Agriculture. http://repo.iain-tulungagung.ac.id/5510/5/BAB 2.pdf
Kusmiati, A., & Windiarti, R. (2011). Regional Analysis of Coffee Commodities in Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Social Economics, 5(2), 47-58–58.
Manuhutu, L. S. (2016). Determination of Base and Non-Base Sectors in Ambon City. Maneksi Journal,5 (2), 1-6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31959/jm.v5i2.141
Marina, I., Mukhlis, M., & Oksifa Rahma Harti, A. (2024). Development Strategy of Leading Agricultural Commodities: Findings From LQ, GRM, and Shift-Share Analysis. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research,24 (2), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v24i2.3321
Masitah, & Hasbiadi. (2022). Competitiveness of Cocoa Export Commodities of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia in the International Market. Agro Bali,5(3), 559–567. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i3.1025
Mubarak, A., Jumiati, E., Jafar, R., Hendris, & Nur, A. A. (2022). Analysis of Leading Commodities of the Plantation Sub Sector in Malinau District. International Conference on Indigenous, 1-11. https://prosiding.ubt.ac.id/index.php/iciksa/article/view/51%0Ahttps://prosiding.ubt.ac.id/index.php/iciksa/article/viewFile/51/32
Pasaribu, A. P., & Soetriono. (2009). Regionalisation and Development Strategy of Rubber Commodities in Indonesia. J-Sep, 3(3), 1–14.
Prihantini, C. I., Jamil, A. S., Risna, R., Iksan, I., Masitah, M., Joka, U., Septiadi, D., & Destiarni, R. P. (2024). What Makes Cocoa Farmers Convert Cocoa Land? Case Study: Two Cocoa Producing Districts in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. AGRISEP Journal,23 (1), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.23.01.163-180
Purba, N., Alwi, L. O., & Arif, L. O. K. (2023). Analysis of Leading Plantation Sub-Sector Commodity Growth Centres in North Sumatra. International Journal of Agricultural Social Economics and Rural Development (Ijaserd),3 (1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.37149/ijaserd.v3i1.1027
Renatha, G. (2022). Identification of the Role of the Base Sector and the Level of Accessibility in Increasing Economic Growth in Jayapura Regency. Parahyangan Economic Development Review, 1(1), 54–62.
Rifani, M. R., & Sa'roni, C. (2020). Determination of the Base Sector and Non-Base Sector Development Strategy in Banjar Regency in 2010-2018. Journal of Economics and Development,3(2), 307–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v3i2
Ronaldo, S. D., Jabal, T. I., & Yohana, A. (2024). Analysis of Leading Commodities of Plantation Sub-Sector in Jambi Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness (JEPA), 8(3), 1027–1037.
Safitri, N. A., Dewanti, A. N., & Ulimaz, M. (2020). Analysis of Leading Commodities in the Plantation Subsector Area in East Balikpapan District. Journal of Planology, 17(2), 216–231.
Samosir, F. D., Hasibuan, R. R. A., & Daulay, A. N. (2023). Analysis of Basic and Non-Basic Sectors on Export Commodity Opportunities with Location Quontent, Shift Share and Klassen Typology Approaches in Aceh Province. International Journal of Economics Development Research,4 (4), 2055-2066. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v5i1.4202
Sari, A. P. P., Santoso, K., & Januar, J. (2014). Regional Potential and Impact and Contribution of NA-OOGST Early Planting Besuki Tobacco Commodity to the Plantation Sector of Jember Regency. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics),7 (1), 32-44. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEP/article/view/831/637
Setianto, P., & Susilowati, I. (2014). Leading Plantation Commodities Based on District Regional Development in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province. Journal of Region and Environment,2 (2), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.2.2.143-156
Soepono, P. (1993). Shift-Share Analysis: Development and Application. Indonesian Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 1–18.
Suparmono. (2018). Introduction to Macroeconomics. In UPP STIM YKPN.
Suryani, N. (2024). Analysis of Leading Commodities of Plantation Crops Subsector in Mentawai Islands Regency. Journal of Academic Media (JMA),2 (2), 1963-1980. https://doi.org/10.62281/v2i2.144
Tunggul, M., Sumarji, & Daroini, A. (2021). Economic Analysis of the Application of Fermentation Technology in Post-Harvest Ka kao in Ponorogo Regency. Master of Agribusiness, 21(1), 26–32.
Zaini, A. (2019). Leading Sector Development in East Kalimantan. Deepublish.
Zikria, V. (2020). Area Analysis of Commodity and Contribution of Coffee to Regional Development in Central Aceh Regency. Journal of Social Economic of Agriculture,9 (2), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v9i2.42966
Zikria, V. (2022). Regional Analysis and Contribution of Cocoa to Regional Development in Parigi Moutong Regency. Agriuma Journal,4 (1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.31289/agri.v4i1.7173