Efficacy of Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide on Weed Control, Impact on Soil Chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cocoa Plantations.
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Dec 30, 2024
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Prolonged use of commonly used herbicides by cocoa farmers such as paraquat and glyphosate have been observed to have residual effects on the environment. Therefore there is a need to screen herbicides such as Glufosinate ammonium-based herbicides for use by cocoa farmers. The experiment was set up at the cocoa experimental plot of the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Headquarters in Ibadan. The 3 treatments which were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design are slashing, 100 mls and 200 mls of Glufosinate ammonium per 16L of water (100 mls/16L and 200 mls/16L). Each experimental unit was 6 m × 6 m comprising nine cocoa stands. The treatments were replicated 3 times. Data on the soil's initial physico-chemical properties and after 3 months of each treatment were recorded. Mineral and heavy metal analysis of the leaves and pods before spraying and 3 months after spraying were recorded. The % weed control of the treatments was also observed. Treatment means were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 0.05% probability level. Results showed that Glufosinate ammonium applied at both rates did not load the soil, cocoa leaves and cocoa beans with heavy metals. 200 mls/16L had 85.00% weed control followed by 100 mls/16L (62.70%) and slashing (51.00%) which both had the same statistical result. Glufosinate ammonium at 100 mls/16L can replace slashing to eliminate drudgery while Glufosinate ammonium at 200 mls/16L can be used for more effective weed control without negative effects on the environment and the crop.
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Aremu-Dele, O., Ugioro, O., Ayegboyin, K., Nduka, B., Adeosun, S., Ibe, O., Asowata, F., Oyeledun, K., Oyediran, U., Salisu, U., Agboluaje, A., & Shuaib, T. (2024). Efficacy of Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide on Weed Control, Impact on Soil Chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cocoa Plantations. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 40(3), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v40i3.608
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References
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Zimdahl, R.L. (1999). ‘‘Fundamentals of Weed Science.’’ Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
Amponsah-Doku, B.; Daymond, A.; Robinson, S.; Atuah, L. & Sizmur, T. (2022). Improving soil health and closing the yield gap of cocoa production in Ghana–A review. Scientific African, 15, e01075.
Berk, P.; Paušič, A.; Stajnko, D.; Krajnc, A.U.; Vindiš, P.; Kelc, D. & Lešnik, M. (2021). Efficiency of alternative weed control systems in the vineyard. Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering, Proceedings of the 48th International Symposium, Zagreb, Croatia, 2-4 March 2021, 2021, 389-399 ref. 10 ref.
Davies, P.J. & Gan, S. (2012). Towards an integrated view of monocarpic plant senescence. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 59, 467-478.
Dedzoe, C.D., Senayah, J.K. & Asiamah, R.D. (2001). Suitable agro-ecologies for cashew (Anacardium occidetale L) production in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(1).
Dennis Jr, F.G. (1984). Fruit development. Physiological basis of crop growth and development, 265-289.
Ekwealor, K.U.; Echereme, C.B.; Ofobeze, T.N. & Okereke, C.N. (2019). Economic importance of weeds: A review. Asian J Plant Sci, 3, 1-11.
Faccini, D. & Puricelli, E. (2007). Efficacy of herbicide dose and plant growth stage on weeds present in fallow ground. Agriscientia, 24(1), 29-35.
F.A.O. (2001). Codex alimentarius: food hygiene basic texts. In Codex alimentarius: food hygiene basic texts (pp. 70-70).
International Cocoa Organization ICCO. (2024). Growing Cocoa. ICCO website. https://www.icco.org/growingcocoa/#:~:text=Cocoa%20can%20grow%20in%20soils,nutrient%20content%20is% 20high%20enough. Accessed 21/03/2024.
Little, N.G.; DiTommaso, A., Westbrook, A.S.; Ketterings, Q.M. & Mohler, C. L. (2021). Effects of fertility amendments on weed growth and weed–crop competition: a review. Weed Science, 69(2), 132-146.
Maschoff, J.R.; Hart, S.E. & Balwin, J.L. (2000). Effect of ammonium sulfate on the efficacy, absorption and translocation of glufosinate. Weed Science, 48, 2-6.
Muimba-Kankolongo A. (2018). Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa. Academic Press. Pg. 73-121.
Mwendwa, J.M.; Brown, W.B.; Weidenhamer, J.D.; Weston, P.A.; Quinn, J.C.; Wu, H. & Weston, L.A. (2020). Evaluation of commercial wheat cultivars for canopy architecture, early vigour, weed suppression, and yield. Agronomy, 10(7), 983.
Sensoterra. (2023). Soil Calibration Guide. Sensoterra Wireless Soil Moisture Sensor. Pg. 36. https://www.sensoterra.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sensoterra-Soil-Calibration-Guide-EN-2023_compressed.pdf?utm_source=form&utm_medium=mailerlite&utm_campaign=email&utterm=wp&utm_content=download.
Sharma, A.; Kumar, V.; Shahzad, B.; Tanveer, M.; Sidhu, G.P.S.; Handa, N. & Thukral, A.K. (2019). Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1-16.
Steckel, G.J.; Wax, L.M.; Simmons, F.W. & Phillips, W.H. (1997). Glufosinate efficacy on annual weeds is influenced by rate and growth stage. Weed Technology, 11(3), 484-488.
Turner, P.D. & Gillbanks, R.A. (2003). Oil palm cultivation and management. The Incorporated Society of Planters. ISBN 0-632-05212-0.
WHO. (1989). Report of 33rd meeting, Joint FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants No. 24, International Programme on Chemical Safety, WHO, Geneva.
WHO. (1996). “Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in foods,” Joint FAO/WHO joint food standards programme, Codex Alimentarious commission, Rome, Italy.
Wilson, B.J. & Wright, K.J. (1990). Predicting the growth and competitive effects of annual weeds in wheat. Weed Research, 30(3), 201-211.
Zimdahl, R.L. (1999). ‘‘Fundamentals of Weed Science.’’ Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.