Starch Catabolism Revealed during Secondary Metabolite Released Under Vascular Streak Dieback Infections in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L)
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Apr 1, 2021
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This study aimed to study the profile of starch content in cocoa leaf and phytoalexin production based on GC-MS analysis at several stages of VSD pathogen infection. Research was conducted on January – October 2015 at Kaliwining Experimental Field, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java. The research was designed based on a Completely Randomized Block Design with two factors with three replications. The first factor was clone, i.e. the resistant clone (Scavina 6) and susceptible (TSH 858) to VSD infection. The second factor was the level of O. theobromae infection, i.e. pre-infection, early infection, and late infection. Starch catabolism revealed during Vascular Streak Dieback infections in Cacao. Starch content in Sca 6 (resistant clone) in late infection decreased 24,33 % than healthy condition (no infection), however, starch content in TSH 858 (succeptible clone) in late infection decreased only 9,63 % than healthy condition (no infection). This indicated that starch catabolism rate on resistant clone was higher than susceptible clone. Some secondary metabolites releases under Vascular Streak Dieback i.e. I-limonene, eugenol and coumaran. Scavina 6 (resistant clone) had higher concentration of eugenol and coumaran than TSH 858 (susceptible clone). I-limonene compound, TSH 858 (Susceptible clone) had higher concentration than Scavina 6. I-Limonene concentration increased in lined with the severity of pathogen infection. There were an negative correlation between starch content with contentration of I-limonene (R= - 0,74), concentration of Eugenol (R= - 0,44), and contentration of Coumaran.
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Santoso, T., Miftahudin, M., Sulistyaningsih, Y., Wiyono, S., & Zakariyya, F. (2021). Starch Catabolism Revealed during Secondary Metabolite Released Under Vascular Streak Dieback Infections in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L). Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 37(1). https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i1.425
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Apriyantono A, Fardiaz D, Puspitasari NL, Sedarnawati, Budiyanto S . 1989. Petunjuk Laboratorium Analisis Pangan. Bogor (ID) : PAU Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Agrios, G. 2005. Plant Pathology. 5th Edition. Gainesville, U.S.A.Academic Press
Chaves FB, Gianfagna TJ. 2007. Necrotrophic phase of Moniliophtora perniciosa causes salicylic acid accumulation in infected stem of cacao. Physiol Mol Plan Pathol. (69):104-108.
da Silva, A. C., F. M. O. Silva, J. C. Milagre, R. P. Omena-Garcia, M. C. Abreu, R. C. Mafia, A. Nunes-Nesi, A. C. Alfenas. 2018. Eucalypt plants are physiologically and metabolically affected by infection with Ceratocystis fimbriata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 128 : 170-179.
Gortari, F., J. J. Guiamet, C. Graciano. 2018. Plant–pathogen interactions: leaf physiology alterations in poplars infected with rust (Melampsora medusae). Tree Physiology, 38 (6) : 925–935.
Halimah D, Sukamto S. 2007. Vascular Streak Dieback intensity on some clones of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa collection. Jurnal Pelita Perkebunan. (23): 118-128.
International Starch Institute. 2002. ISI 28 1e : Determination of Reducing Sugar by Luff Schoorls Method. Denmark (DK) : Science Aarchus Denmark.
Major IT, Nicole M-CC, Duplessis S, Séguin A. 2010. Photosynthetic and respiratory changes in leaves of poplar elicited by rust infection. Photosynth. Res. 104:41–48.
Prawoto, A. A., T. I. Santoso, Marifah, L. H. Nugroho, S. S. Sastroutomo. 2013. Terpene Profile, Leaf Anatomy, and Enzyme Activity of Resistant and Susceptible Cocoa Clonesto Vascular Streak Dieback Disease. Pelita Perkebunan 29 (3) : 197 – 209.
Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2010. Plant Phisiology. 5th ed. Sunderland (USA) : Sinauer Associates Inc.
Samuel GJ, Ismaiel A, Rosmana A, Junaid M, Guest D, McMahon P, Keane P, Purwantara A, Lambert S, Rodriguez CM et al. 2012. Vascular streak dieback of cacao in Southeast Asia and Melanesia : in planta detection of the pathogen and a new taxonomy. Fungal Biol. (116) : 11-23.
Santoso TI, Wiyono S, Sulistyaningsih YC, Miftahudin. 2017. Analysis of Secondary Metabolites as Potential Phytoalexins, Their Secretion Sites and Proposed Resistance Markers to Vascular Streak Dieback in Theobroma cacao L. Pelita Perkebunan 33 (1) 2017, 10—23.
Santoso, T. I. & F. Zakariyya. 2019. Several Physiological Changes of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Response to Vascular Streak Dieback Diseases. Agrivita 41 (1) : 129 – 138.
Saraiva, L. A., F. P. Castelan., R, Shitakubo, N. M. A. Hassimotto, E. Purgatto, M. Chillet, B. R. Cordenunsi. 2017. Black Leaf Streak Disease Affects Starch Metabolism in Banana Fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 (23) : 5582–5589.
Silva, R. R., A. C. da Silva, R. A. Rodella, M. O. M. Marques, A. J. V. Zanuncio, M. A. Soares, J. E. Serrão, J. C. Zanuncio, & E. L. Furtado. 2019. Limonene, a Chemical Compound Related to the Resistance of Eucalyptus Species to Austropuccinia psidii.
Sinaga MS. 2003. Dasar - Dasar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Jakarta (ID) : Penebar Swadaya.
Wang, C., J. Zhang, H. Chen, Y. Fan, & Z. Shi. 2010. Antifungal activity of eugenol against Botrytis cinerea. Tropical Plant Pathology 35 (3) : 137 – 143.