A comprehensive study on the livelihood implications of transitioning from cocoa to rubber plantation in Ghana
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Aug 27, 2024
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Joseph Oppong Busia
kwadwo Amankwah
Patrick Appiah
Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum
KNUST
John-Eudes Andivi Bakang
Abstract
The study, conducted in Manso Amenfi, Western Region, Ghana, explored the livelihood implications of transitioning from cocoa to rubber plantations. Using a cross-sectional survey with 384 participants, data revealed a decline in cocoa production levels. The socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ land use shift behaviour were age, household size, being a household head, farm size, educational level, access extension and labour availability. The knowledge factor that was ranked first as influencing farmers shift behaviour was high price of rubber while the behavioural factor was the farmers’ personal belief that rubber plantation will do well than cocoa. The farmers agreed that rubber plantation has effect on their livelihood. The study recommends interventions to make cocoa cultivation more profitable, addressing concerns like low prices, pests, diseases, and soil fertility, emphasizing the need for support from agricultural extension officers, the Ghana Cocoa Board, and the government.
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Busia, J. O., Amankwah, kwadwo, Appiah, P., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., & Bakang, J.-E. A. (2024). A comprehensive study on the livelihood implications of transitioning from cocoa to rubber plantation in Ghana. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 40(2), 189-204. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v40i2.601
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Despotovic, J., Rodic, V. and Caracciolo, F. (2019). Factors affecting farmers’ adoption of integrated pest management in Serbia: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1196-1205
Dessart, F. J., Barreiro-Hurle, J. and Van Bavel, R. (2019). Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review. European Review of Agricultural Economics.
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Esekhade, T. U., Idoko, S. O., Okwu-Abolo, C., Mesike, S., Okore, I. K., Osazuwa, E. S., & Anegbeh, P. O. (2019). Improving rubber smallholder's livelihood through rubber based agroforestry systems and mixed farming-The Nigeria experience. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Rubber Workshop (pp. 02-05).
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Gao, J., Song, G. and Liu, S. (2022). Factors influencing farmers’ willingness and behaviour choices to withdraw from rural homesteads in China. Growth and Change, 53 (1), 112-131
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Greiner, R. (2016). Factors influencing farmers’ participation in contractual biodiversity conservation: a choice experiment with northern Australian pastoralists. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 60(1), 1-21.
Herath, C. S., & Wijekoon, R. (2013). Study on attitudes and perceptions of organic and non-organic coconut growers towards organic coconut farming. Idesia, 31(2), 5-14.
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Islam, M. M., Jannat, A., Dhar, A. R., & Ahamed, T. (2020). Factors determining conversion of agricultural land use in Bangladesh: farmers’ perceptions and perspectives of climate change. GeoJournal, 85, 343-362.
Issa, I., & Hamm, U. (2017). Adoption of organic farming as an opportunity for Syrian farmers of fresh fruit and vegetables: An application of the theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling. Sustainability, 9(11), 2024.
Jones, P. J., Marier, E. A., Tranter, R. B., Wu, G., Watson, E., & Teale, C. J. (2015). Factors affecting dairy farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial medicine usage in cattle in England and Wales. Preventive veterinary medicine, 121(1-2), 30-40.
Essougong, K., U. P., Slingerland, M., Mathé, S., Vanhove, W., Tata Ngome, P. I., Boudes, P., ... & Leeuwis, C. (2020). Farmers’ perceptions as a driver of agricultural practices: Understanding soil fertility management practices in cocoa agroforestry systems in Cameroon. Human Ecology, 48(6), 709-720.
Knowler, D. and Bradshaw, B. (2007). Farmers’ adoption of conservation agriculture: a review and synthesis of recent research. Food Policy 32, 25-48.
Krantz, L. (2001). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. SIDA. Division for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis, 44, 1-38.
Kuhfuss, L., Préget, R., Thoyer, S., & Hanley, N. (2016). Nudging farmers to enrol land into agri-environmental schemes: the role of a collective bonus. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 43(4), 609-636.
Kumar, H., Pandey, B. W. and Anand, S. (2019). Analysing the impacts of forest ecosystem services on livelihood security and sustainability: a case study of Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 7 (2), 45-55
Kuwornu, J. K., Adanu, E. A. and Kwadzo, G. T. (2019). Financial Viability of Rubber Production: Empirical Evidence from Ghana. Journal of Management Sciences Suratthani Rajabhat University, 6(1), 17-44.
Kwadzo, G. T., Kuwornu, J. K. and Amadu, I. S. (2013). Food crop farmers' willingness to participate in market-based crop insurance scheme: Evidence from Ghana. Research in Applied Economics, 5(1), 1.
Kwadzo, M. (2015). Factors determining enterprise shift behaviour among smallholder cocoa farmers in the Mpohor-Wassa East district in the Western Region of Ghana. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6 (10), 74-76
Lemken, D., Spiller, A., & von Meyer-Höfer, M. (2017). The case of legume-cereal crop mixtures in modern agriculture and the transtheoretical model of gradual adoption. Ecological Economics, 137, 20-28.
Liu, T., Bruins, R. J., & Heberling, M. T. (2018). Factors influencing farmers’ adoption of best management practices: A review and synthesis. Sustainability, 10(2), 432.
Mahob, R. J., Etam, P. B. N., Dibog, L., Babin, R., Voula, A. V., Begoude, D., ... & Bilong, C. F. B. (2018). Assessment of the effect of cocoa mosquito mirid true bug, Helopeltis. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 12(4), 1865-1875.
Malawska, A. and Topping, C. J. (2016). Evaluating the role of behavioural factors and practical constraints in the performance of an agent-based model of farmer decision making. Agricultural Systems, 143, 136-146
Mekonnen, S. A., Koop, G., Lam, T. J., & Hogeveen, H. (2017). The intention of North- Western Ethiopian dairy farmers to control mastitis. Plos one, 12(8), e0182727.
Micha, E., Areal, F. J., Tranter, R. B., & Bailey, A. P. (2015). Uptake of agri-environmental schemes in the Less-Favoured Areas of Greece: The role of corruption and farmers’ responses to the financial crisis. Land Use Policy, 48, 144-157.
Mills, J., Gaskell, P., Ingram, J., Dwyer, J., Reed, M., & Short, C. (2017). Engaging farmers in environmental management through a better understanding of behaviour. Agriculture and human values, 34, 283-299.
Min, S., Huang, J., Bai, J. and Waibel, H. (2017). Adoption of intercropping among smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna, China. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 15(3), 223-237.
Nath, T. K., Inoue, M., & De Zoysa, M. (2013). Small-scale rubber planting for enhancement of people's livelihoods: A comparative study in three South Asian Countries. Society & Natural Resources, 26(9), 1066-1081.
Oduro, B., Apenteng, O. O., & Nkansah, H. (2020). Assessing the effect of fungicide treatment on Cocoa black pod disease in Ghana: Insight from mathematical modeling. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, 8(2), 374-385.
Okeyo, S. O., Ndirangu, S. N., Isaboke, H. N., Njeru, L. K., & Omenda, J. A. (2020). Analysis of the determinants of farmer participation in sorghum farming among small-scale farmers in Siaya County, Kenya. Scientific African, 10, e00559.
Pino, G., Toma, P., Rizzo, C., Miglietta, P. P., Peluso, A. M., & Guido, G. (2017). Determinants of farmers’ intention to adopt water saving measures: Evidence from Italy. Sustainability, 9(1), 77.
Quisumbing, A. R., Rubin, D., Manfre, C., Waithanji, E., Van den Bold, M., Olney, D., ... & Meinzen-Dick, R. (2015). Gender, assets, and market-oriented agriculture: learning from high-value crop and livestock projects in Africa and Asia. Agriculture and human values, 32, 705-725.
Rondhi, M., Pratiwi, P. A., Handini, V. T., Sunartomo, A. F., & Budiman, S. A. (2018). Agricultural land conversion, land economic value, and sustainable agriculture: A case study in East Java, Indonesia. Land, 7(4), 148.
Rose, D. C., Keating, C., & Morris, C. (2018). Understanding how to influence farmers’ decision-making behaviour: a social science literature review.
Savari, M., Eskandari Damaneh, H. and Damaneh, H.E. (2021). Factors influencing farmers’ management behaviours towards coping with drought: evidence from Iran. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64 (11), 2021-2046
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