Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Arabica Coffee Varieties at Four Seed Soaking Water Temperatures
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Apr 30, 2023
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It takes three weeks to analyze the germination percentage of Arabica coffee seeds germinated using paper and a three-day water-soaking method. This 3- week period is considered too long for seed distribution to remote areas. Thus, we need to modify this germination test needs to be modified to have a shorter test time. Temperature treatment is one method to break the seed dormancy period for faster germination. This study aimed to obtain a faster and more precise method of germination test on Arabica coffee seeds. This study employed a 3 x 4 factorial complete randomized block design with three replications in which Arabica coffee varieties of Gayo-1, Kartika-1, and Sigararutang as the first factor and the temperature of the soaking water of the seeds (25 0C, 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C) as the second factor. The research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), for four months. Findings showed that the interaction between treatments was only found in seed germination percentage. Soaking in room temperature water (control) for three days was better than using water at 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C on the germination percentage, sprout length, and vigor index. Observations of Arabica seed germination could be shortened to 14 days compared to the standard 21-day observation. During the seedling phase, the shoot growth and root growth of the Arabica coffee seeds soaked in water at 50 0C showed no significant difference from the control. Soaking at 75 0C and 90 0C damaged the embryo and resulted in rotten seeds. Different varieties led to different germination percentages, sprout lengths, and fresh weight of seedling shoots. The method of soaking at 50 0C for 30 minutes could be used as an alternative in germination test of Arabica coffee seeds because it showed small negative effect on germinated seed and seedling quality but it shorten thetesting time for three days.
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Wibowo, A., Aprillia Wijaya, S., & Suharjono, . (2023). Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Arabica Coffee Varieties at Four Seed Soaking Water Temperatures. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 39(1). https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i1.540
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References
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Guimarães, G. C.; Rosa, S. D. V. F. da; Coelho, L. F. S.; Veiga, A. D. & Clemente, A. da C. S. (2013). Minimum period to assess the potential of germination of coffee seed. Journal of Seed Science, 35(3), 347–352.
Huang, Y.; Lan, Q. Y.; Hua, Y.; Luo, Y. L. & Wang, X. F. (2014). Desiccation and storage studies on three cultivars of Arabica coffee. Seed Science and Technology, 42(1), 60–67.
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Sudrajat, D. J.; Nurhasybi & Bramasto, Y. (2017). Standar Pengujian dan Mutu Benih Tanaman Hutan. IPB Press. Bogor, Indonesia.
Suhendra, D.; Efendi, S.; Aisyah, S. & Saragih, S. (2020). Seed vigor testing of coffee (Coffea sp.) to gibberellin hormone (GA3) concentration and water temperature differences. 2nd International Conference of Biobased Economy for Application and Utilization, 1–6. Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.
Tefa, A. (2017). Uji Viabilitas dan vigor benih padi (Oryza sativa, L.) selama penyimpanan pada tingkat kadar air yang berbeda. Savana Cendana: Jurnal Pertanian Lahan Kering, 2(3), 48–50.
Uddin, S.; Arshad, M. & Rizvi, Z. F. (2015). Response of sunflower to various pre-germination techniques for breaking seed dormancy. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47(2), 413–416.
Wibowo, A. (2021). Karakter perakaran sejumlah varietas kopi Arabika pada fase bibit di pesemaian. Agrotechnology Research Journal, 5(1), 18–25.
Wibowo, A.; Nugroho, D. & Sumirat, U. (2020). Seed germination performance of nine Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties under the laboratory condition after six months of storage period. Pelita Perkebunan, 36(3), 203–211.
Bhuker, A.; Pandey, V.; Singh, S.; Dalal, P. K. & Raj MS, P. (2020). Radicle emergence test – A quick germination test in different field crops. Seed Research, 48(1), 80–82.
Botumile, A.; Teketay, D.; Mojeremane, W. & Mathowa, T. (2020). Overcoming seed dormancy of senegalia galpinii and vachellia robusta through scarification pre-sowing treatments. Agriculture and Forestry, 66(1), 153–169.
Ditjenbun. (2021). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2019-2021. In Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Eira, M. T. S.; Amaral Da Silva, E. A.; De Castro, R. D.; Dussert, S.; Walters, C.; Bewley, J. D. & Hilhorst, H. W. M. (2006). Coffee seed physiology. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18(1), 149–163.
Guimarães, G. C.; Rosa, S. D. V. F. da; Coelho, L. F. S.; Veiga, A. D. & Clemente, A. da C. S. (2013). Minimum period to assess the potential of germination of coffee seed. Journal of Seed Science, 35(3), 347–352.
Huang, Y.; Lan, Q. Y.; Hua, Y.; Luo, Y. L. & Wang, X. F. (2014). Desiccation and storage studies on three cultivars of Arabica coffee. Seed Science and Technology, 42(1), 60–67.
Hulupi, R. (2016). Panduan Determinasi Varietas dan Klon Kopi Indonesia Berdasarkan Sifat Morfologi. Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia. Jember, Indonesia.
Kepmentan. (2021). Pedoman Produksi, Sertifikasi, Peredaran, dan Pengawasan Benih Tanaman Kopi (Coffea spp.). SK Mentan No. 27/Kpts/KB.020/05/2021. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Penido, A. C.; Urbano, V.; Reis, V.; Rezende, É. M. De; Rocha, D. K.; Oliveira, J. A.; Dellyzete, S. & Franco, V. (2021). Cold coffee seeds storage with different water content. Coffee Science, 16, e161844.
Putra, D.; Rabaniyah, R. & Nasrullah. (2012). Pengaruh suhu dan lama perendaman benih terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal bibit kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica (LENN)). Vegetalika, 1(3), 1–10.
Rahardjo, Pudji. (2012). Kopi, Panduan Budi Daya dan Pengolahan Kopi Arabika dan Robusta. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Rahardjo, Puji. (1988). Batas pengamatan perkecambahan benih kopi Arabika. Warta Balai Penelitian Perkebunan Jember, 7, 1–3.
Santos, F. C.; Rosa, S. D. V. F. da; Pinho, É. V. de R. Von; Cirillo, M. A. & Clemente, A. da C. S. (2014). Desiccation sensitivity from different coffee seed phenological stages. Journal of Seed Science, 36(1), 25–31.
Silva, L. J. da; Medeiros, A. D. de & Oliveira, A. M. S. (2019). SeedCalc, a new automated R software tool for germination and seedling length data processing. Journal of Seed Science, 41(2), 250–257.
Sudrajat, D. J.; Nurhasybi & Bramasto, Y. (2017). Standar Pengujian dan Mutu Benih Tanaman Hutan. IPB Press. Bogor, Indonesia.
Suhendra, D.; Efendi, S.; Aisyah, S. & Saragih, S. (2020). Seed vigor testing of coffee (Coffea sp.) to gibberellin hormone (GA3) concentration and water temperature differences. 2nd International Conference of Biobased Economy for Application and Utilization, 1–6. Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.
Tefa, A. (2017). Uji Viabilitas dan vigor benih padi (Oryza sativa, L.) selama penyimpanan pada tingkat kadar air yang berbeda. Savana Cendana: Jurnal Pertanian Lahan Kering, 2(3), 48–50.
Uddin, S.; Arshad, M. & Rizvi, Z. F. (2015). Response of sunflower to various pre-germination techniques for breaking seed dormancy. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47(2), 413–416.
Wibowo, A. (2021). Karakter perakaran sejumlah varietas kopi Arabika pada fase bibit di pesemaian. Agrotechnology Research Journal, 5(1), 18–25.
Wibowo, A.; Nugroho, D. & Sumirat, U. (2020). Seed germination performance of nine Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties under the laboratory condition after six months of storage period. Pelita Perkebunan, 36(3), 203–211.
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