Yield Performance of Some Promising Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) at Dry Climate Condition
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Apr 30, 2020
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El Nino effect as impact from global climate change needed anticipation effectively to keep cocoa production still give farmer benefit because effect of long dry season make some trouble in cocoa production. Cocoa production technology package that suitable in dry land needed for sustainable and empowerment cocoa production in marginal dry land. Principal component of this technology package is superior planting material because success of cocoa production depend on accuracy of selecting planting material. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute consistently carries out cocoa breeding programs aimed at overcoming problems in the field, specifically to obtain superior planting material that is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. This research method was carried out by observing 22 promising clones of cocoa that were planted in the Kaliwining experimental station in the 2013-2017 observation period, each clone planted in three blocks. The observed variables included estimation of production, resistance to VSD, helopeltis, and pod rot. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that ICCRI 09 had a stable production performance from 2013 - 2017 while the promising clone of KW 641 had a special adaptation to dry conditions. Both of these clones have the potential to be developed as drought tolerant planting material to overcome the impact of climate change on cocoa production. The observation results of pest and disease attacks obtained a pattern that the clones that have tolerance to drought have good resistance to VSD.
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Susilo, A., Setyawan, B., & Sari, I. (2020). Yield Performance of Some Promising Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) at Dry Climate Condition. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 36(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v36i1.372
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References
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Susilo, A.W. (2015). KW 641, klon unggul harapan kakao bersifat tahan kering. Warta Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, 27, 1-5.
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Yadav, R.C., A.U. Solanke, P. Kumar, D. Pattanayak, N.R. Yadav & P.A. Kumar. (2013). Genetic Engineering for Tolerance to Climate Change-Related Traits. In : Kole C. (eds) Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
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Yan, W., M. S. Kang, B. Ma, S. Woods & P. L. Cornelius. (2007). GGE biplot vs AMMI analysis of genotype-by-environment data. Crop Science, 47, 641 – 651.
Zakariyya, F., B. Setyawan & A.W. Susilo. (2017). Stomatal, proline, and leaf water status characters of some cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) on prolonged dry season.
Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita & S.M.A. Basra (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29, 185–212.
Flood, P. J. & A. M. Hancock. (2017). The genomic basis af adaptation in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 36, 88 – 94.
Guest, D. & P. Keane. (2007). Vascular-streak dieback : A new encounter disease of cacao in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia caused by the obligate basidiomycete Oncobasidium theobromae. Phytopatology, 97, 1654 – 1657.
Huang, M., Y. Xu & H. Wang. (2019). Field indentification of morphological and physiological traits in two special mutants with strong tolerance and high sensivity to drought stress in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18 (5), 970 – 981.
Laliberté, B. & V. Medina (2017). Research Framework for Understanding the Role of Cacao Genetic Diversity in Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change and Abiotic Stress. Bioversity/UoR/WCF Meeting, 6-8 June 2017, University of Reading, UK.
Pusat Data dan Informasi Pertanian (2016). Outlook Kakao. Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta. 73 p.
ICCO (2019). Production of cocoa beans. ICCO Quaterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLV, No. 3.
Reidsma, P. F. Ewert, A. O. Lansink, R. Leemans (2010). Adaptation to climate change and climate variability in European agriculture: The importance of farm level responses. European Journal of Agronomy, 32, 91-102.
Smith, P. & J.E. Olesen (2010). Synergies between the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change in agriculture. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 5, 543-552.
Susilo, A.W. (2015). KW 641, klon unggul harapan kakao bersifat tahan kering. Warta Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, 27, 1-5.
Suzuki, M., T. Nakamura, T. Shindo & M. T. Kimura. (2019). Environmental adaptation and ecological distribution of streamside annual plants in northern Japan. Acta Oecologica, 97, 23 – 27.
Yadav, R.C., A.U. Solanke, P. Kumar, D. Pattanayak, N.R. Yadav & P.A. Kumar. (2013). Genetic Engineering for Tolerance to Climate Change-Related Traits. In : Kole C. (eds) Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Yan, W. & Kang M.S. (2003). GGE biplot analysis: a graphycal tool for breeders, geneticist, and agronomists. CRC Press. Boca Raton, New York, London, Washington D.C.
Yan, W., M. S. Kang, B. Ma, S. Woods & P. L. Cornelius. (2007). GGE biplot vs AMMI analysis of genotype-by-environment data. Crop Science, 47, 641 – 651.
Zakariyya, F., B. Setyawan & A.W. Susilo. (2017). Stomatal, proline, and leaf water status characters of some cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) on prolonged dry season.
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