Toward a more sustainable coffee production
the implementation capacity of Indonesian Standard Coffee (ISCoffee)
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Jan 13, 2020
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This paper contributes to the literature on the emerging trend of Southern sustainability standards and certifications as a reaction to the Northern-based private standards by businesses and NGOs. It particularly analyzes the implementation capacity of ISCoffee as a public standard and certification initiated by the Indonesian government. We analyze the opportunities and barriers in the process of implementing ISCoffee and examine whether ISCoffee can become a viable alternative to Northern-based private standards and certification. We first conclude that the implementation capacity of ISCoffee is low, because of weak administrative structures, and communication and coordination deficiencies. Second, we conclude that ISCoffee will unlikely being able to solve smallholder-related problems in the coffee sector such as limited access to market, insufficient capital, and underdeveloped farmer organizations. Finally, we conclude that ISCoffee - on the short term - will not manage to become a viable alternative to Northern-based private standards and certifications.
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Ibnu, M., Offermans, A., & Glasbergen, P. (2020). Toward a more sustainable coffee production. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 35(3), 212-229. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i3.361
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AICE. (2015). Peninjauan kembali peraturan pemerintah RI Nomor 2 tahun 1996 tentang kegiatan perusahaan yang didirikan dalam rangan penanaman modal asing di bidang ekspo dan impor. Unpublished letter to the national government.
AICE. (2015). Revitalisasi perkopian di daerah Lampung. Unpublished report.
Amit, R. & Schoemaker, P.J. (1993). Strategic assets and organisational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 33–46. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2486548
Anggraeni, T. (2014). Menciptakan Sistem Pelayanan Publik yang Baik: Strategi Reformasi Birokrasi dalam Pemberantasan Korupsi. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 3(3), 417-433.
Arifin, B. (2010). Global sustainability regulation and coffee supply chains in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 7(2), 67.
Bitzer, V., & Glasbergen, P. (2015). Business–NGO partnerships in global value chains: part of the solution or part of the problem of sustainable change? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 12, 35-40. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cosust.2014.08.012
Bitzer, V., Glasbergen, P., & Arts, B. (2013). Exploring the potential of intersectoral partnerships to improve the position of farmers in global agrifood chains: findings from the coffee sector in Peru. Agriculture and Human Values, 30(1), 5-20. doi: 10.1007/s10460-012-9372-z
Blackman, A., & Rivera, J. (2011). Producer‐level benefits of sustainability certification. Conservation Biology, 25(6), 1176-1185. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01774.x
Butler, M. J. (2003). Managing from the inside out: drawing on ‘receptivity’to explain variation in strategy implementation. British Journal of Management, 14(s1), S47-S60.
Carlson, A., & Palmer, C. (2016). A qualitative meta-synthesis of the benefits of eco-labeling in developing countries. Ecological Economics, 127, 129-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.03.020
Comfort, L. K. (2007). Crisis management in hindsight: Cognition, communication, coordination, and control. Public Administration Review, 67(s1), 189-197. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00827.x
Devas, N. (1997). Indonesia: what do we mean by decentralization? Public Administration and Development, 17(3), 351-367. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199708)17:3<351::AID-PAD955>3.0.CO;2-J
Dieperink, C., Brand, I., & Vermeulen, W. (2004). Diffusion of energy-saving innovations in industry and the built environment: Dutch studies as inputs for a more integrated analytical framework. Energy Policy, 32(6), 773-784.
Ditjenbun. (2013). Pentingnya ISCOffee (Indonesian Sustainable Coffee). Retrieved November 01, 2016 from http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/pascapanen/berita214pentingnyaiscoffeeindonesiansustainablecoffee.html
Giovannucci, D., von Hagen, O., & Wozniak, J. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and the role of voluntary sustainability standards Voluntary Standard Systems (pp. 359-384): Springer.
Glasbergen, P., & Schouten, G. (2015). Transformative capacities of global private sustainability standards. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 58, 85-101. doi: 10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2015.ju.00010
Gray, A., & Jenkins, B. (1995). From public administration to public management: reassessing a revolution? Public administration, 73(1), 75-99.
Guijarro, L. (2007). Interoperability frameworks and enterprise architectures in e-government initiatives in Europe and the United States. Government Information Quarterly, 24(1), 89-101. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2006.05.003
Hoffmann, U., & Grothaus, F. (2015). Assuring Coherence between the Market-access and Livelihood Impact of Private Sustainability Standards. United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards (UNFSS), CH-Geneva.
Ibanez, M., & Blackman, A. (2016). Is Eco-Certification a Win–Win for Developing Country Agriculture? Organic Coffee Certification in Colombia. World Development, 82, 14-27. doi: doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.004
Ibnu, M., Glasbergen, P., Offermans, A., & Arifin, B. (2015). Farmer preferences for coffee certification: A conjoint analysis of the Indonesian smallholders. Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(6), 20. doi:10.5539/jas.v7n6p20
Indraningsih, K.S., H. Supriadi, B. Prasetyo, C. Muslim. (2015). Analisis Kebijakan Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Perdesaaan. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian Badan Peneliti dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://pse.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/pdffiles/anjak_2015_10.pdf.
Intarakumnerd, P., Chairatana, P., Tangchitpiboon, T (2002). National innovation system in less successful developing countries: the case of Thailand. Research Policy, 31(8), 1445. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00074-4
Iqbal, M. (2008). Konstelasi institusi pemerintah dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat dalam program PIDRA. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Vol. 9, No.1, Juni 2008, hal. 28 - 45
Kelly, J. M. (2005). The Dilemma of the Unsatisfied Customer in a Market Model of Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 65(1), 76-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00432.x
Kironde, J. L. (2006). The regulatory framework, unplanned development and urban poverty: Findings from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Land Use Policy, 23(4), 460-472. Doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.07.004
Kusnadi, D. (2011). Dasar-dasar penyuluhan pertanian. Modul Dasar-Dasar Penyuluhan Pertanian STPP. Bogor, Indonesia
Lawson, B., & Samson, D. (2001). Developing innovation capability in organizations: a dynamic capabilities approach. International journal of innovation management, 5(03), 377-400.
Lo¨ffler, E. (2001). Defining quality in public administration, paper presented at UNPAN (United Nations Public Administration Network), The 9th NISPAcee Annual Conference: Government, Market and the Civil Sector: The Search for a Productive Partnership, Riga, Latvia, United Nations, New York, NY, 10-12 May.
Loconto, A., & Dankers, C. (2014). Impact of international voluntary standards on smallholder market participation in developing countries: A review of the literature. FAO, Roma (Italia).
Media Perkebunan. (2013). Indonesian Standart Coffee Segera Diterapkan. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://www.mediaperkebunan.net/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=637:indonesian-sta ndart-coffee-segera-diterapkanandcatid=2:komoditiandItemid=26
Palis, F. G. (2006). The role of culture in farmer learning and technology adoption: a case study of farmer field schools among rice farmers in central Luzon, Philippines. Agriculture and Human Values, 23(4), 491-500. doi: 10.1007/s10460-006-9012-6
Patterson, J., Schulz, K., Vervoort, J., van der Hel, S., Widerberg, O., Adler, C., . . . Barau, A. (2016). Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2016.09.001
Perkebunannews. 2016. Pasar ekspor kopi membesar local eksportir mengecil. Retrieved December 10, 2016 from http://perkebunannews.com/2016/03/11/pasar-ekspor-kopi-membesar-eksportir-lokal-mengecil/
Perpres RI No. 45. (2015). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia tentang kementerian pertanian. Jakarta, Indonesia
Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic development quarterly, 14(1), 15-34.
PP RI No. 102. (2000). Peraturan pemerintah Republik Indonesia tentang standardisasi nasional. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ruben, R., & Fort, R. (2012). The Impact of Fair Trade Certification for Coffee Farmers in Peru. World Development, 40(3), 570-582. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.030
Schouten, G., & Bitzer, V. (2015). The emergence of Southern standards in agricultural value chains: A new trend in sustainability governance?. Ecological Economics, 120, 175-184.
SCP. 2014. Indonesia a business case for sustainable coffee production. Sustainable coffee program (SCP). Retrieved on May 24, 2015 from http://www.sustainablecoffeeprogram.com/en/resources.
Sinar Tani. (2014). Standar perkebunan kopi berkelanjutan Indonesia. Retrieved December 02, 2016 from http://m.tabloidsinartani.com/index.php?id=148&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1358&cHash=86b06eda97e29a463d93462fe67258a6
Sinar Tani. (2016). Postur penyuluhan pertanian pada era uu pemerintahan daerah. Retrieved January 12, 2017 from http://tabloidsinartani.com/content/read/postur-penyuluhan-pertanian-pada-era-uu-pemerintahan-daerah-2014/.
Smit, A. A. H., Driessen, P. P. J., & Glasbergen, P. (2008). Constraints on the conversion to sustainable production: the case of the Dutch potato chain. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(6), 369-381. doi: 10.1002/bse.554. doi:10.1002/bse.554
Smith, T. M., & Fischlein, M. (2010). Rival private governance networks: Competing to define the rules of sustainability performance. Global Environmental Change, 20(3), 511-522. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.03.006
Stapel, K., & Schneider, K. (2012). Managing knowledge on communication and information flow in global software projects. Expert Systems, n/a-n/a. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0394.2012.00649.x
Sudaryanto, R., & Wijayanti, R. R. (2013). Strategi pemberdayaan UMKM menghadapi pasar bebas Asean. Pusat Kebijakan Ekonomi Makro. Badan Kebijakan Fiskal. Kementerian Keuangan, Jakarta.
Sudibyo, B. (2012). Reformasi Pajak Dalam Kerangka Reformasi Ekonomi-Politik di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi & Manajemen (JAM), 87.
Sugandhi, H. (2014). Developing a Road Map for the Coffee Sector in Indonesia: Potensi, Hambatan dan Strategi Pengembangan Kopi Indonesia. Paper presented at the Roundtable Workshop organized by the Ministry of Trade of the Republic Indonesia and the Word Bank, Jakarta.
The Directorate General of Plantations of Indonesia. (2013). Prinsip dan kriteria standar kopi berkelanjutan Indonesia (ISCoffee). Makalah pelatihan ISCoffee in Sumber Rejo Tanggamus, Lampung. Unpublished.
The Directorate General of Plantations of Indonesia. (2015). Rencana strategis Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan tahun 2015-2019. Retrieved November 01, 2015 from http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/tinymcpuk/gambar/file/info-publik/Rentra%20Ditjenbun%202015-2019.pdf
The Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (2015). Pelatihan fasilitatsi/rintisan penerapan perkebunan kopi berlanjutan. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from http://cybex.pertanian.go.id/materilokalita/detail/11984/pelatihanfasilitasi-rintisan-penerapan-perkebunan-kopi-berkelanjutan-iscoffee-kelompok-tani-sentra-kopi-kec-sembalun.
Thow, A. M., Snowdon, W., Labonté, R., Gleeson, D., Stuckler, D., Hattersley, L., . . . Friel, S. (2015). Will the next generation of preferential trade and investment agreements undermine prevention of noncommunicable diseases? A prospective policy analysis of the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement. Health Policy, 119(1), 88-96. Doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.08.002
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